The
components of a SPD
The SPD chiefly consists of (see Fig.1):
1) one or more nonlinear components: the
live part (varistor, gas discharge tube, etc.);
2) a thermal protective device (internal
disconnector) which protects it from thermal runaway at end of life (SPD with
varistor);
3) an indicator which indicates end of life
of the SPD;
Some SPDs allow remote reporting of this
indication;
4) an external SCPD which provides
protection against short circuits (this device can be integrated into the SPD).
Fig.1 – Diagram of a SPD
Technology of the live part
Several technologies are available to
implement the live part. They each have advantages and disadvantages:
•Zener diodes;
•The gas discharge tube
(controlled or not controlled);
•The varistor (zinc oxide
varistor).
The table below shows the characteristics
and the arrangements of 3 commonly used technologies.
Fig.2 – Summary performance table
